The joint experiment of integrated remote sensing observation of ecological and hydrological processes in the Heihe River basin was jointly initiated and organized by the major research program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China, "Integrated Research on Ecological and Hydrological Processes in the Heihe River Basin" (hereinafter referred to as "Heihe Program") and the "Western Action Plan" of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, based on the established observation system in the Heihe River basin and the results of the "Integrated Remote Sensing Joint Experiment on the Heihe River" carried out from 2007 to 2009, A multi-scale comprehensive observation experiment combining satellite, aerial remote sensing, and ground observation is planned to be conducted in the Heihe River Basin from 2012 to 2015, jointly with researchers from multiple disciplines, institutions, and projects. The overall goal of the experiment is to significantly improve the observation ability of watershed ecology and hydrological processes, establish an internationally leading watershed observation system, and enhance the application ability of remote sensing in watershed ecological hydrological integration research and water resource management. Among them, the specific goals in basic observation include: (1) Establish a basin observation system that supports scientific research and comprehensive water resource management in the basin. (2) Accurately observe the various components of the water cycle in the watershed and obtain multi-scale observation data for each component of the water cycle. (3) Obtain multi-scale observation data to understand the dynamic changes of ecosystems in inland river basins. The goals in remote sensing products and authenticity testing include: (4) On the basis of comprehensive experiments, prepare a set of high-precision remote sensing products that support integrated research on watershed ecological hydrology. (5) Conduct authenticity testing to verify remote sensing models and products. The goals in terms of application are: (6) The comprehensive observation data and remote sensing products are used in the distributed Hydrological model in the upper cold region, the surface water groundwater crop growth coupling model in the middle reaches, and the ecological water consumption model in the lower reaches. Through empirical research, the application ability of remote sensing in the integrated study of basin ecology hydrology and water resources management is improved.